Offer其实上个月就拿到了，但一直忙于手头工作，现在才把经过写下来，希望对后来者有点帮助吧。
Offer来自Merrill Lynch（美林证券），但似乎不是核心的投资部门，工作地点在新加坡的Harbor Front。
上学期临近期末，收到Career Centre的消息，Merrill Lynch招人，于是抱着试试看的心态在DeadLine的那天填了Online Application。过了2周，收到Email做OnlineTest。测试一共20道计算题，要在20分钟内做完，全是基础的金融计算，最简单的题目是“xx公司2006年收益率多少，2007年收益率多少，请问增长了百分之多少”。由于没有经验，而且没有计算器在身边，20题大概只做了一半，还没有全对。
后来又来了一封Email要我做逻辑online test，还是20分钟。逻辑题就好比以前让你猜图案的分布，数字排列的规律之类的，比较有意思。之后就一直没有动静了。
大概是2周以后的某天中午，收到一个private number，对方称来自美林HR，因为我前段时间做的逻辑题通过标准线，所以决定让我进入下一轮。（那时还在USYD上班，从办公室里跑出庭院里接的电话）当时比较意外，也很惊喜，于是定了3天以后进行第一轮电话面试，由新加坡打来。"
于是在网上疯狂搜刮各类信息，包括投行的面经，投行的问题。什么Why投行，Why美林，Why新加坡，Why技术部门这类的问题是肯定要准备，再加上美林最近的动态，还有次信贷危机，行业的走向和发展，机遇和挑战等问题都要准备。还有就是个人优势劣势；个人性格；朋友对自己的评价等等。工作经验方面着重强调了现在所做的工作，并找上司请求做referee。我很庆幸在USYD做统计工作的经历，事实证明在后来的面试中，就是因为对这个工作经历才令我把握更大。在此也强烈推荐各位一定要注重对相关工作经验的积累。
准备问题过程中，自己打了10页左右的题目，并且筛选总结，不断修改，最后连简历一共打了6页纸。对于简历，大家要重点准备，因为几乎所有HR对你的第一印象都是基于简历，所以个人觉得简历要熟记，并且注重细节，至于国内那些花俏东西就别拿出来了。
第一次的电话面试非常准时，面试的是一男一女。我当时用了耳机，这样可以一手拿鼠标看简历和其他资料，一手拿材料有备无患。首先是简单的自我介绍，然后开始盘问项目和工作经验。例如做过什么项目拉；什么贡献拉；成果如何啦等等。我回答说很成功，女的就问，是已经成功还是你自己认为将会成功；还有就是如何解决冲突，如何解决项目延期等等，总体问了近半小时。最后让我发问，于是问了投行在中国和澳洲的战略，将来会如何发展，还有对中国最近股票市场的分析等。总体感觉不错，因为答案对方都很满意，于是被告知等消息，一周之内出结果。
4天左右，收到另一个HR的信，好像这位等级比较高，通知我接下来的面试是在悉尼的Office，和VP进行一对一。为保证第二天面试的顺利进行，我提前去实地考察了公司位置。实际上VP似乎对这次面试没有太多准备，自己讲的比问我的还多，但是，很多细节能感觉到还是在测试我的实力。他对我作为一个来澳才2年的留学生的生活似乎更好奇，问我的学习，做过的项目，英语，工作，生活都问了一遍。当话题转到正式的ML面试的时候，他要我告诉他ML现在的员工人数，选择ML和这个行业的原因，还介绍了组织结构，福利，文化，几乎面面俱到。他还带我参观了数据中心以及交易监控中心。面试最后，要了名片，VP直接口头答应进入下一轮面试，就等通知就行。
另外说一句：悉尼Office的景色一流，Circular Quay步行5分钟就到，38层的位置，饱览悉尼大桥和歌剧院全景，海港美景尽收眼底。
最后的一关就是和新加坡主管的面试。之前以为会去新加坡面，因为网上的流程是这么安排的。但之后通知还是在悉尼办公室，这次变成了视频会议。比较佩服投行的会议系统，流畅，清晰，无任何抖动延时和静止。摄像头就和普通视频摄像头一样大小，但变焦范围超大，连我脸上的豆豆都能在背投上打出来……
最后一次面试比较难，去之前我查了当天开盘股票价格，SP500等指数情况。但一开始就被弄了个下马威，感觉上似乎我对工作性质的理解有出入。于是我赶紧补充回答，并且对所有的问题作出了积极肯定的答复（回答问题一定要正面，不要给负面答案，不能问了你的缺点真的把所有缺点都列出来）。后来问及是否愿意去新加坡，是否打算长期就职，很多细节问题都有问到，但感觉由于一开始的紧张和失误，导致了后来发挥一般，也许这就是所谓的压力面试的一种。当晚没怎么睡好，感觉比较忐忑，因为能进入这轮不算容易，被刷了比较可惜，虽然一开始没抱太大希望，可毕竟付出了一个月的努力。直道第二天被通知录用的时候，心头大石才落下。
总结这次经历，之前的准备必不可少，尤其对行业的了解，对最后一轮面试作用非常大。我提出的问题得到了主管高度赞赏，说表现出了我的关注程度，加上回答问题态度诚恳，以至于最后HR通知我的时候说其实当时主管面我的时候很满意，这和自己当时的感觉正好相反。新工作08年年底开始，所以我会先争取把澳洲的PR办下来，如果来不及的话，可能会在新加坡Offshore申请。希望以上申请和面试的过程能够给大家一点帮助吧。
Showing posts with label working in australia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label working in australia. Show all posts
Friday, September 26, 2008
Tuesday, September 9, 2008
澳洲移民代理和移民律师的区别
Immigration lawyers and migration agents -- what's the difference?
In Australia, a person who gives "immigration assistance" for a fee must in most cases be a Registered Migration Agent under the Migration Act 1958. The term "immigration assistance" means using, or purporting to use, knowledge of or experience in migration procedure to advise or assist various people with visa applications and related sponsorships, appeals, etc (Migration Act s 276).
So why should you choose to have your case handled by a lawyer rather than a non-lawyer "registered migration agent"?
Training and experience
Australian immigration law is one of the more complex and fastest changing areas of law in this country. The Migration Act runs to nearly 800 pages, and the accompanying Migration Regulations fill around 1,900 pages. In addition there are thousands of pages of policy guidelines and instructions, Court judgments and decisions of the Migration Review Tribunal, Refugee Review Tribunal and Administrative Appeals Tribunal that affect the way the Act and Regulations are interpreted and applied.
Lawyers are trained to deal with this sort of complexity. As in any country, legal training in Australia requires several years of post-secondary education with numerous examinations and other forms of assessment that train the law student in researching legal issues, understanding legislation and case law, and very importantly includes courses in professional and ethical conduct. After graduation lawyers are required to work under the supervision of a qualified practitioner for a period of time before being permitted to set up their own practice.
Who is a "lawyer"?
In Australia, as in most countries, a person who charges for legal services must not only be suitably qualified but must also hold a current practising certificate. These certificates are renewed each year subject to the lawyer having current professional indemnity insurance and meeting other requirements such as completion of a certain amount of continuing legal education and having obtained an independent external examination of any trust account he or she operates. If the lawyer has been disciplined, the practising certificate may be refused or have special limitations placed on it. For the first few years after qualifying, all practising certificates are subject to a condition that the lawyer must work under the supervision of a more experienced practitioner.
Some people may advertise that they have legal qualifications, or that they are "admitted to practise" in a State or Federal Court. They might even publish a copy of their degree or admission certificate on their website. But being admitted to practise is something a lawyer usually only has to do once in a lifetime. It doesn't mean they have a current practising certificate or are allowed to charge for legal services. They may have some legal knowledge, not necessarily recent, but may not have lawyer's professional indemnity insurance or be covered by a fidelity fund to protect their clients against fraud. If they don't have a current practising certificate, you are entitled to ask why not? Have they ever worked under supervision? Have they been refused for disciplinary reasons? What level of insurance or other protection do they offer you? Just how long ago did they last open a law text book?
What about a "specialist"?
Be very, very careful of this word. Anyone can claim to be a specialist. In Australia there are around 45 "accredited specialist immigration lawyers" who really do have a high level of experience and knowledge of immigration law, but all of them are listed as specialists with either the Law Society of NSW , the Law Institute of Victoria , the Queensland Law Society or the Law Society of South Australia . If someone claims to be a specialist but is not accredited, you are entitled to ask what they mean by the word. Maybe they do have years of experience (see below), maybe they are highly respected professionals. Are you prepared to take their word for it?
What does it mean to be a "registered migration agent" or a "member of the Migration Institute of Australia (MIA)"?
Until 1 July 2006, a person did not need any formal education at all to become a registered migration agent. There was a single, multiple-choice exam. This has now been replaced by a requirement to do a one semester graduate certificate course, involving about six hours per week over 18 weeks. Once you have your registration, you don't need to work under supervision for any period of time before you can set up shop on your own. You can also join the Migration Institute of Australia. No further proof of ability is required.
There are other areas of law in Australia where non-lawyers have been allowed to provide a limited range of services. In New South Wales, for example, if you are buying or selling a house you can use a lawyer or a licensed conveyancer. To become a licensed conveyancer, however, a person has to complete a two-year course of full-time study and must practise under supervision for a further two years before setting up their own business. There is no other area of law in Australia in which people with such minimal qualifications and training as migration agents can compete with fully qualified lawyers.
Some registered migration agents are highly experienced professionals. But how do you know? One thing you can check is the first two digits of their registration number (which they are supposed to give on their website). Registration began in 1992, so people registered the longest will have "92" at the start of their number. Those registered in 2007 will have "07". If someone has only been registered for a couple of years, you should try to find out whether there are any more experienced people working in their firm.
What does the Department of Immigration think about registered migration agents?
Speaking to the Migration Institute of Australia National Conference on 19 October 2007, the highest-ranking official in the Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Mr Andrew Metcalfe, made some interesting observations about the migration advice "profession" in Australia.
Apparently Mr Metcalfe's personal view of the industry is that " generally it operates with high levels of professionalism and integrity" (the italics are his, not mine). He made it clear that "there is still work to be done to raise the overall level of professionalism amongst registered agents".
He noted that "the department still receives a number of very basic enquiries from some registered migration agents" and commented that this meant that "something is lacking in their training and basic knowledge of the migration environment". So what about the new one semester course? While Mr Metcalfe thought that this should be improving standards, he noted that " for some reason , some agents are still getting through without appropriate knowledge" (this time the italics are mine). The fact that he has concerns about "the English language skills of some registered migration agents" could be a partial explanation, since according to Mr Metcalfe "there are some agents out there who are clearly struggling with the basics of the English language".
Protection
Of course, lawyers make mistakes like anyone else and no amount of training and supervision can ensure that every lawyer will act honestly. Lawyers' clients are protected in both of these situations by the compulsory professional indemnity insurance that lawyers are required to take out and by "fidelity funds" managed by the State and Territory licensing authorities. Although the Code of Conduct includes a requirement that migration agents have some sort of insurance, no specifics of the type of cover are prescribed. Such insurance would probably not protect the client against fraud or dishonesty on the part of the agent.
Migration agents are supposed to act in accordance with a Code of Conduct which includes a number of ethical and professional guidelines, and their registration can be suspended or revoked if the Migration Agents Registration Authority (MARA) determines that they have breached the Code. Given the ridiculously low entry requirements for registration, however, this is somewhat like handing out drivers licences on street corners and then penalising the driver after he or she has had an accident. Professionalism and ethical conduct in particular are concepts that require both substantial formal training and a period of supervised practice under an experienced mentor.
Confidentiality
Another protection that lawyer's clients have is the right known as "legal professional privilege", which means that communications between a lawyer and client are confidential and cannot be revealed except in a few very limited circumstances.
A Full Bench of the Federal Court recently upheld the inviolability of legal professional privilege in immigration matters when it ruled that the Refugee Review Tribunal had exceeded its jurisdiction by asking an applicant what he had been told by his lawyer ( SZHWY v Minister for Immigration [2007] FCAFC 64 ). The Court quoted Deane J of the High Court in Attorney-General for the Northern Territory v Maurice (1986) 161 CLR 475 at 490:
"[Legal professional privilege] is not to be sacrificed even to promote the search for justice or truth in the individual case or matter and extends to protect the citizen from compulsory disclosure of protected communications or materials to any court or to any tribunal or person with authority to require the giving of information or the production of documents or other materials."
The clients of non-lawyer migration agents have no such protection. The MARA for example can demand access to the files of a non-lawyer agent and, under exemptions in Australia's privacy laws, may pass on some or all of that information to the authorities.
General legal knowledge
Immigration cases often have implications for people's rights and responsibilities in other areas of law, such as tax, family or matrimonial law, employment, and even criminal law. Non-lawyer agents have no responsibility to advise a client or even be aware of these issues. Lawyers on the other hand are required to be aware of the general law, and even if the individual lawyer does not have the expertise to advise you fully about, say, a taxation issue arising from your immigration case, he or she should at least be able to identify the problem areas and help you to obtain the necessary specialist help.
====================================================================
我来用中文最简单的解释下。 ^_^
Migration agents：中文名是移民代理， 但国内的人为了好听，也把它翻译成移民律师。这个职业能帮助别人咨询移民，留学事务。
Immigration lawyers ：这才是真正的移民律师，全称是注册移民大律师。比移民代理更牛B，可以起诉联邦政府~~~这个职业可以帮人咨询，评估，审理，上诉，等等。
综上所述：成为一名移民代理很难，要成为一名移民律师更难！
In Australia, a person who gives "immigration assistance" for a fee must in most cases be a Registered Migration Agent under the Migration Act 1958. The term "immigration assistance" means using, or purporting to use, knowledge of or experience in migration procedure to advise or assist various people with visa applications and related sponsorships, appeals, etc (Migration Act s 276).
So why should you choose to have your case handled by a lawyer rather than a non-lawyer "registered migration agent"?
Training and experience
Australian immigration law is one of the more complex and fastest changing areas of law in this country. The Migration Act runs to nearly 800 pages, and the accompanying Migration Regulations fill around 1,900 pages. In addition there are thousands of pages of policy guidelines and instructions, Court judgments and decisions of the Migration Review Tribunal, Refugee Review Tribunal and Administrative Appeals Tribunal that affect the way the Act and Regulations are interpreted and applied.
Lawyers are trained to deal with this sort of complexity. As in any country, legal training in Australia requires several years of post-secondary education with numerous examinations and other forms of assessment that train the law student in researching legal issues, understanding legislation and case law, and very importantly includes courses in professional and ethical conduct. After graduation lawyers are required to work under the supervision of a qualified practitioner for a period of time before being permitted to set up their own practice.
Who is a "lawyer"?
In Australia, as in most countries, a person who charges for legal services must not only be suitably qualified but must also hold a current practising certificate. These certificates are renewed each year subject to the lawyer having current professional indemnity insurance and meeting other requirements such as completion of a certain amount of continuing legal education and having obtained an independent external examination of any trust account he or she operates. If the lawyer has been disciplined, the practising certificate may be refused or have special limitations placed on it. For the first few years after qualifying, all practising certificates are subject to a condition that the lawyer must work under the supervision of a more experienced practitioner.
Some people may advertise that they have legal qualifications, or that they are "admitted to practise" in a State or Federal Court. They might even publish a copy of their degree or admission certificate on their website. But being admitted to practise is something a lawyer usually only has to do once in a lifetime. It doesn't mean they have a current practising certificate or are allowed to charge for legal services. They may have some legal knowledge, not necessarily recent, but may not have lawyer's professional indemnity insurance or be covered by a fidelity fund to protect their clients against fraud. If they don't have a current practising certificate, you are entitled to ask why not? Have they ever worked under supervision? Have they been refused for disciplinary reasons? What level of insurance or other protection do they offer you? Just how long ago did they last open a law text book?
What about a "specialist"?
Be very, very careful of this word. Anyone can claim to be a specialist. In Australia there are around 45 "accredited specialist immigration lawyers" who really do have a high level of experience and knowledge of immigration law, but all of them are listed as specialists with either the Law Society of NSW , the Law Institute of Victoria , the Queensland Law Society or the Law Society of South Australia . If someone claims to be a specialist but is not accredited, you are entitled to ask what they mean by the word. Maybe they do have years of experience (see below), maybe they are highly respected professionals. Are you prepared to take their word for it?
What does it mean to be a "registered migration agent" or a "member of the Migration Institute of Australia (MIA)"?
Until 1 July 2006, a person did not need any formal education at all to become a registered migration agent. There was a single, multiple-choice exam. This has now been replaced by a requirement to do a one semester graduate certificate course, involving about six hours per week over 18 weeks. Once you have your registration, you don't need to work under supervision for any period of time before you can set up shop on your own. You can also join the Migration Institute of Australia. No further proof of ability is required.
There are other areas of law in Australia where non-lawyers have been allowed to provide a limited range of services. In New South Wales, for example, if you are buying or selling a house you can use a lawyer or a licensed conveyancer. To become a licensed conveyancer, however, a person has to complete a two-year course of full-time study and must practise under supervision for a further two years before setting up their own business. There is no other area of law in Australia in which people with such minimal qualifications and training as migration agents can compete with fully qualified lawyers.
Some registered migration agents are highly experienced professionals. But how do you know? One thing you can check is the first two digits of their registration number (which they are supposed to give on their website). Registration began in 1992, so people registered the longest will have "92" at the start of their number. Those registered in 2007 will have "07". If someone has only been registered for a couple of years, you should try to find out whether there are any more experienced people working in their firm.
What does the Department of Immigration think about registered migration agents?
Speaking to the Migration Institute of Australia National Conference on 19 October 2007, the highest-ranking official in the Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Mr Andrew Metcalfe, made some interesting observations about the migration advice "profession" in Australia.
Apparently Mr Metcalfe's personal view of the industry is that " generally it operates with high levels of professionalism and integrity" (the italics are his, not mine). He made it clear that "there is still work to be done to raise the overall level of professionalism amongst registered agents".
He noted that "the department still receives a number of very basic enquiries from some registered migration agents" and commented that this meant that "something is lacking in their training and basic knowledge of the migration environment". So what about the new one semester course? While Mr Metcalfe thought that this should be improving standards, he noted that " for some reason , some agents are still getting through without appropriate knowledge" (this time the italics are mine). The fact that he has concerns about "the English language skills of some registered migration agents" could be a partial explanation, since according to Mr Metcalfe "there are some agents out there who are clearly struggling with the basics of the English language".
Protection
Of course, lawyers make mistakes like anyone else and no amount of training and supervision can ensure that every lawyer will act honestly. Lawyers' clients are protected in both of these situations by the compulsory professional indemnity insurance that lawyers are required to take out and by "fidelity funds" managed by the State and Territory licensing authorities. Although the Code of Conduct includes a requirement that migration agents have some sort of insurance, no specifics of the type of cover are prescribed. Such insurance would probably not protect the client against fraud or dishonesty on the part of the agent.
Migration agents are supposed to act in accordance with a Code of Conduct which includes a number of ethical and professional guidelines, and their registration can be suspended or revoked if the Migration Agents Registration Authority (MARA) determines that they have breached the Code. Given the ridiculously low entry requirements for registration, however, this is somewhat like handing out drivers licences on street corners and then penalising the driver after he or she has had an accident. Professionalism and ethical conduct in particular are concepts that require both substantial formal training and a period of supervised practice under an experienced mentor.
Confidentiality
Another protection that lawyer's clients have is the right known as "legal professional privilege", which means that communications between a lawyer and client are confidential and cannot be revealed except in a few very limited circumstances.
A Full Bench of the Federal Court recently upheld the inviolability of legal professional privilege in immigration matters when it ruled that the Refugee Review Tribunal had exceeded its jurisdiction by asking an applicant what he had been told by his lawyer ( SZHWY v Minister for Immigration [2007] FCAFC 64 ). The Court quoted Deane J of the High Court in Attorney-General for the Northern Territory v Maurice (1986) 161 CLR 475 at 490:
"[Legal professional privilege] is not to be sacrificed even to promote the search for justice or truth in the individual case or matter and extends to protect the citizen from compulsory disclosure of protected communications or materials to any court or to any tribunal or person with authority to require the giving of information or the production of documents or other materials."
The clients of non-lawyer migration agents have no such protection. The MARA for example can demand access to the files of a non-lawyer agent and, under exemptions in Australia's privacy laws, may pass on some or all of that information to the authorities.
General legal knowledge
Immigration cases often have implications for people's rights and responsibilities in other areas of law, such as tax, family or matrimonial law, employment, and even criminal law. Non-lawyer agents have no responsibility to advise a client or even be aware of these issues. Lawyers on the other hand are required to be aware of the general law, and even if the individual lawyer does not have the expertise to advise you fully about, say, a taxation issue arising from your immigration case, he or she should at least be able to identify the problem areas and help you to obtain the necessary specialist help.
====================================================================
我来用中文最简单的解释下。 ^_^
Migration agents：中文名是移民代理， 但国内的人为了好听，也把它翻译成移民律师。这个职业能帮助别人咨询移民，留学事务。
Immigration lawyers ：这才是真正的移民律师，全称是注册移民大律师。比移民代理更牛B，可以起诉联邦政府~~~这个职业可以帮人咨询，评估，审理，上诉，等等。
综上所述：成为一名移民代理很难，要成为一名移民律师更难！
Saturday, September 6, 2008
澳洲CPA介绍及背景分析，想要从事CPA的同学强烈推荐！
本文部分内容引用，编辑了太傻会员xiaoguang2000的原创帖子《简单介绍澳洲注册会计师考试》
第一部分：澳洲CPA背景分析
在澳洲的中国留学生之中，会计专业一向受到留学生的青睐，因而报读会计的人数也非常非常的多，以至于大家都认为会计泛滥了，由此造成很多人都对会计专业不抱乐观态度，认为会计很有可能又像2002年那样从MODL上被除名。然而在2008年移民部最新的MODL紧缺行业名单中，会计依然榜上有名，这意味着以会计专业移民，仍旧是留学生最容易的移民方式。
但我们不能简单的认为读完会计专业就能成为紧缺的人才，找工作就会容易。在澳洲只要你读完CPA协会规定的会计课程，取得学士学位或者硕士学位，并加入CPA协会，成为ASA会员，就能获取移民60分专业分，进而更容易的申请PR。但成为ASA会员这只是会计师职业生涯中的第一步，要想成为澳洲的注册会计师，还必须考出CPA的6门相关课程，并从事CPA相关的专业工作，得到至少有FCPA（CPA Fellow）头衔的人指导，工作满3年才能真正成为一名CPA。因此，尽管报读会计学的人数每年激增，但其中又有多少是只是为了绿卡而拿会计当移民跳板？又有多少是真正打算在此领域深入发展？
第二部分：澳洲CPA介绍
澳洲CPA是分等级的，从助理会计师（Associate）开始，依次为注册会计师（CPA），会计师特别会员(CPA Fellow)，资深会计师(Specialist)。
一。 助理会计师（Associate）ASA想要成为会计师协会的入门会员，并非难事，只须读完CPA协会认可的本科或硕士学位。澳大利亚绝大多数大学所开设的会计学本科或硕士课程均能达到要求。具体到科目而言，想要成为助理会员，你必须修满以下13门科目：（不同的学校对这13门课的设计也会不同！）
Accounting System and Processes
Accounting Theory
Commercial Law
Corporations Law
EconomicsFinance
Financial Accounting
Information System Design & Development
Management Accounting
Professional and Regulatory Process
Quantitative Methods
Organizational Functioning
Taxation/Auditing (二选一)
================================
以下是風音在CPA评估官方网站找到的信息，来看看在UTAS需要修满多少门课才能通过CPA的评估？
BFA707 The Accounting Framework
BFA712 Management & Cost Accounting
BFA705 Financial & Corporate Accounting
BFA715 Accounting Theory
BFA703 Introduction to Financial Management
BFA704 Organisational Risk, Technology & Accounting Information Systems
BFA706 Business Law
BEA683 Economics for Managers
BEA681 Statistics for Managers
BFA703 Introduction to Financial Management
BFA726 Corporate Law & Regulation
BFA714 Australian Tax Law ；BFA713 Audit & Assurance （二选一） =======================
如果你还是不确定風音找的资料，那你可以去CPA评估官方网站搜索XX大学需要修多少课程才能通过会计评估。
地址是：http://www.cpacareers.com.au/会计师协会所认可的课程都涵盖以上13门科目，成功获取学位即意味着能够成为助理会计师（亦即能够获取移民60分的专业分）。
二。注册会计师（CPA）
成为助理会计师仅仅是为CPA打下一个基础，想要获取CPA头衔，还必须考出CPA的职业资格考试，以及3年CPA相关职业的工作经验，同时还要满足，这3年工作经验是在有至少FCPA头衔（CPA Fellow）的人指导下进行的。CPA资格考试一共分必修和选修两个单元。
必修单元包括：
1。business strategy and leadership(BSL)企业策略和领导魅力100%写作体（案例分析case-based exam）
2。corporate governance and accountability(CGA)公司管理与问责机制70%选择题30%问答题
3。reporting and professional practice(RPP) 报告与专业实务70%选择题30%问答题
选修单元是从九科备选科目中选择三科考试，备选科目包括：
1。认证服务与审计assurance service & auditing
2。财务会计financial accounting
3。财务报告与披露financial reporting & disclosure
4。财务风险管理financial risk management
5。破产清算与重建insolvency & reconstruction
6。知识管理knowledge management
7。个人财物规划与退休金personal financial planning & superannuation
8。策略管理会计strategic management accounting
9。税法taxation
考试形式是开卷考试，单科通过率约75%，考试于每年五月及十月底至十一月中举行，第一学期每年一月中截止报名，第二学期每年七月中截止报名，全球二百多个考场遍布澳洲、香港、中国（包括北京、上海、广州、深圳），马里西亚及新加坡。
三。特别会员（CPA Fellow）和资深专家（Specialist）获取CPA资格后，累计15年的会计、财务或商务工作经验（包括在高级职位上的5年工作经验）便可申请成为澳洲资深注册会计师FCPA。
第三部分：对中国留学生获取CPA资格的建议
1、高中学生高中生应结合自己的成绩和实力选择相应等级大学的会计学专业，千万不要带着国内的传统思想，非G8不入，那是错误的，以自己实际的水平做参考，选择最适合自己的大学，学习三年毕业后获得澳大利亚绿卡，在相关领域谋求一职，刚开始不用过分追求薪水多少，关键要累计本地工作经验！在积累一到两年经验后，再陆续参加CPA资格考试（共6门）或报读认可的硕士课程（持有PR的学生费用相当低廉，比国际留学生一般便宜1/3左右），完成此阶段学习后，继续在本领域更高层次工作3年，至此方能获得CPA的头衔。此后，你可以在全世界任何一个国家谋求一份高薪职位，进一步发展。这样一步一个脚印的发展，何乐而不为呢？
2、大专、大学在读学生及大专毕业生除可能减免一定学分外，基本流程同高中生。
3、会计学大学毕业生可直接申请助理会计师资格，获取澳洲绿卡后，报读认可的硕士课程（持有PR的学生费用相当低廉），完成此阶段学习后，继续在本领域更高层次工作3年，至此获得CPA头衔。
4、对于中途转换专业的学生（对大部分人而言），目前澳洲大部分大学都开设有对所有专业本科毕业生开放的注册会计师硕士课程，学生只要完成2年的课程，即可获得硕士学位并能通过助理会计师资格，获得60分移民分数，不失为一个很好的选择。
第一部分：澳洲CPA背景分析
在澳洲的中国留学生之中，会计专业一向受到留学生的青睐，因而报读会计的人数也非常非常的多，以至于大家都认为会计泛滥了，由此造成很多人都对会计专业不抱乐观态度，认为会计很有可能又像2002年那样从MODL上被除名。然而在2008年移民部最新的MODL紧缺行业名单中，会计依然榜上有名，这意味着以会计专业移民，仍旧是留学生最容易的移民方式。
但我们不能简单的认为读完会计专业就能成为紧缺的人才，找工作就会容易。在澳洲只要你读完CPA协会规定的会计课程，取得学士学位或者硕士学位，并加入CPA协会，成为ASA会员，就能获取移民60分专业分，进而更容易的申请PR。但成为ASA会员这只是会计师职业生涯中的第一步，要想成为澳洲的注册会计师，还必须考出CPA的6门相关课程，并从事CPA相关的专业工作，得到至少有FCPA（CPA Fellow）头衔的人指导，工作满3年才能真正成为一名CPA。因此，尽管报读会计学的人数每年激增，但其中又有多少是只是为了绿卡而拿会计当移民跳板？又有多少是真正打算在此领域深入发展？
第二部分：澳洲CPA介绍
澳洲CPA是分等级的，从助理会计师（Associate）开始，依次为注册会计师（CPA），会计师特别会员(CPA Fellow)，资深会计师(Specialist)。
一。 助理会计师（Associate）ASA想要成为会计师协会的入门会员，并非难事，只须读完CPA协会认可的本科或硕士学位。澳大利亚绝大多数大学所开设的会计学本科或硕士课程均能达到要求。具体到科目而言，想要成为助理会员，你必须修满以下13门科目：（不同的学校对这13门课的设计也会不同！）
Accounting System and Processes
Accounting Theory
Commercial Law
Corporations Law
EconomicsFinance
Financial Accounting
Information System Design & Development
Management Accounting
Professional and Regulatory Process
Quantitative Methods
Organizational Functioning
Taxation/Auditing (二选一)
================================
以下是風音在CPA评估官方网站找到的信息，来看看在UTAS需要修满多少门课才能通过CPA的评估？
BFA707 The Accounting Framework
BFA712 Management & Cost Accounting
BFA705 Financial & Corporate Accounting
BFA715 Accounting Theory
BFA703 Introduction to Financial Management
BFA704 Organisational Risk, Technology & Accounting Information Systems
BFA706 Business Law
BEA683 Economics for Managers
BEA681 Statistics for Managers
BFA703 Introduction to Financial Management
BFA726 Corporate Law & Regulation
BFA714 Australian Tax Law ；BFA713 Audit & Assurance （二选一） =======================
如果你还是不确定風音找的资料，那你可以去CPA评估官方网站搜索XX大学需要修多少课程才能通过会计评估。
地址是：http://www.cpacareers.com.au/会计师协会所认可的课程都涵盖以上13门科目，成功获取学位即意味着能够成为助理会计师（亦即能够获取移民60分的专业分）。
二。注册会计师（CPA）
成为助理会计师仅仅是为CPA打下一个基础，想要获取CPA头衔，还必须考出CPA的职业资格考试，以及3年CPA相关职业的工作经验，同时还要满足，这3年工作经验是在有至少FCPA头衔（CPA Fellow）的人指导下进行的。CPA资格考试一共分必修和选修两个单元。
必修单元包括：
1。business strategy and leadership(BSL)企业策略和领导魅力100%写作体（案例分析case-based exam）
2。corporate governance and accountability(CGA)公司管理与问责机制70%选择题30%问答题
3。reporting and professional practice(RPP) 报告与专业实务70%选择题30%问答题
选修单元是从九科备选科目中选择三科考试，备选科目包括：
1。认证服务与审计assurance service & auditing
2。财务会计financial accounting
3。财务报告与披露financial reporting & disclosure
4。财务风险管理financial risk management
5。破产清算与重建insolvency & reconstruction
6。知识管理knowledge management
7。个人财物规划与退休金personal financial planning & superannuation
8。策略管理会计strategic management accounting
9。税法taxation
考试形式是开卷考试，单科通过率约75%，考试于每年五月及十月底至十一月中举行，第一学期每年一月中截止报名，第二学期每年七月中截止报名，全球二百多个考场遍布澳洲、香港、中国（包括北京、上海、广州、深圳），马里西亚及新加坡。
三。特别会员（CPA Fellow）和资深专家（Specialist）获取CPA资格后，累计15年的会计、财务或商务工作经验（包括在高级职位上的5年工作经验）便可申请成为澳洲资深注册会计师FCPA。
第三部分：对中国留学生获取CPA资格的建议
1、高中学生高中生应结合自己的成绩和实力选择相应等级大学的会计学专业，千万不要带着国内的传统思想，非G8不入，那是错误的，以自己实际的水平做参考，选择最适合自己的大学，学习三年毕业后获得澳大利亚绿卡，在相关领域谋求一职，刚开始不用过分追求薪水多少，关键要累计本地工作经验！在积累一到两年经验后，再陆续参加CPA资格考试（共6门）或报读认可的硕士课程（持有PR的学生费用相当低廉，比国际留学生一般便宜1/3左右），完成此阶段学习后，继续在本领域更高层次工作3年，至此方能获得CPA的头衔。此后，你可以在全世界任何一个国家谋求一份高薪职位，进一步发展。这样一步一个脚印的发展，何乐而不为呢？
2、大专、大学在读学生及大专毕业生除可能减免一定学分外，基本流程同高中生。
3、会计学大学毕业生可直接申请助理会计师资格，获取澳洲绿卡后，报读认可的硕士课程（持有PR的学生费用相当低廉），完成此阶段学习后，继续在本领域更高层次工作3年，至此获得CPA头衔。
4、对于中途转换专业的学生（对大部分人而言），目前澳洲大部分大学都开设有对所有专业本科毕业生开放的注册会计师硕士课程，学生只要完成2年的课程，即可获得硕士学位并能通过助理会计师资格，获得60分移民分数，不失为一个很好的选择。
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